Formation of Tooth Decay

Tooth decay is the most common dental problem after the common cold.

The normal oral flora contains bacteria. These bacteria convert all nutrients (sugars and starches) into acids. Bacteria, acids, food debris, and saliva combine to form a plaque that adheres to the teeth.

The acids within the bacterial plaque cause the enamel surface to demineralize, creating pits and grooves (cavities) on the teeth. Before these cavities deepen enough to reach the inner structures of the tooth, they are generally painless.

Sugary and starchy foods (carbohydrates) increase the risk of tooth decay. Sticky foods are harmful because they remain on the tooth surface. Frequent snacking increases the duration of acid exposure on the tooth surface, thereby raising the risk of cavities.

Symptoms Caused by Tooth Decay

• Tooth pain – especially after consuming sweet, hot, or cold foods and drinks

• Formation of pits and grooves on the tooth

• Development of an abscess in the tooth

• Tooth fracture

• Tooth sensitivity

• Inability to chew on the tooth

Contrary to popular belief, we should brush our teeth at least half an hour after consuming acidic drinks, not immediately. This is because acidic foods and beverages make the tooth surfaces more prone to wear. While the teeth are in this sensitive state, brushing should not increase enamel abrasion.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Tooth Decay

During a routine dental check-up every six months, any existing tooth decay can be diagnosed at an early stage. Dental X-rays are helpful for detecting interproximal (between teeth) cavities.

Treatment of Tooth Decay

Once lost, tooth tissue cannot be restored naturally, but treatment can stop its progression and the lost tissue can be restored with filling materials. The main goal of treatment is to preserve the tooth, maintain it in the mouth, and relieve symptoms. Treating tooth decay at an early stage is both easier and less costly than treating advanced decay. Local anesthesia can be applied during cavity removal to prevent pain.

Ideally, the best way to prevent tooth decay is to learn proper oral hygiene. This includes brushing teeth regularly in the morning and evening with fluoride toothpaste, using mouthwash, and flossing.