Nutrition and Tooth Decay in Children Aged 0-6

In newborns, the eruption of the upper and lower front incisors is expected within 6-9 months, and by 2.5–3 years of age, the full set of primary teeth should be completed. The timing of tooth eruption may vary depending on the child’s growth, development, gender, and hormonal activity, with teeth sometimes appearing earlier or later than expected.

From the moment the first tooth appears in the mouth, oral care becomes important. Breast milk is crucial for the baby’s health, growth, and development, but its sugar content—especially when given before bedtime to help the child sleep—significantly increases the risk of tooth decay. During sleep, saliva, which protects teeth, decreases, and the sugar in breast milk contributes to early childhood caries, which is increasingly observed in our country.

The effect of breast milk decreases after 6 months. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, breastfeeding up to 2 years is not critically necessary, and 1 year of breastfeeding is sufficient. Prolonged breastfeeding may contribute to habits such as thumb sucking, which can threaten oral health; therefore, breastfeeding up to 1 year is recommended. Importantly, for children who continue breastfeeding beyond the first year, nighttime feeding should be avoided, and teeth should be cleaned after each feeding using a gauze, cloth, or finger brush without toothpaste. From age 2, children should transition to their own toothbrushes with parental assistance.

After breastfeeding, bottle use and adding sugar, honey, or chocolate powders to milk pose a significant risk for tooth decay. Teeth should be cleaned after every meal, or rinsed with water if brushing is not possible. Tooth decay is contagious, so parents should avoid sharing spoons and forks with their children to prevent transmission of oral bacteria.

For preschoolers and children starting school, snacks are especially important. Sugary snacks, fruit juices, crackers, and chips can remain in the mouth for a long time, lower oral pH, and create an environment favorable for cavities. Therefore, these foods should ideally be avoided; if given, they should be limited to specific days of the week and followed by proper tooth brushing.

To prevent tooth decay:

• Visit the dentist every 6 months for check-ups

• Choose age-appropriate toothpaste (considering fluoride content)

• Receive oral hygiene education from the dentist for proper brushing

• Brush teeth twice daily for 2 minutes each time

• Apply age-appropriate preventive treatments