Gum Overgrowths

Gum overgrowth can occur for many reasons and can be observed at any age. Once the factors causing the overgrowth are identified and controlled, a treatment plan is determined. Hormonal changes, medication use, systemic diseases, poor oral hygiene, improperly made restorations and fillings, mouth breathing, and trauma can all contribute to gum overgrowth.

For treatment, maintaining good oral hygiene is essential. After establishing gum health, any excess tissue that needs correction is surgically removed.

1. What Are the Causes of Gum Overgrowth?

   Gum overgrowth can have many different causes. The primary cause is gum disease, where swelling and redness of the gums can lead to growth.

   Especially in young people, hormonal imbalances during certain developmental periods can cause gum overgrowth. This is not considered a disease.

   Additionally, certain medications can cause gum enlargement, particularly drugs used for epilepsy, some cancer treatments, or other systemic conditions.

   During pregnancy, “pregnancy tumors” can lead to abnormal gum growth, which may affect several gums or even a single tooth.

   People with diabetes may also experience gum overgrowth.

   Other contributing factors include poor nutrition, inadequate oral hygiene, mouth breathing, food debris between gums, and poorly fitting restorations. 

2. What Are the Symptoms of Gum Overgrowth?

   Patients with gum overgrowth may exhibit one or more symptoms. In a healthy individual, gums are light pink with an “orange-peel” texture. In affected patients, the gums may appear red and swollen, and there may be gaps or openings in the gum tissue.

   If the overgrowth is advanced, tartar may accumulate around the teeth, the gums may bleed easily, and abscesses or infections can develop around the gum line. In cases of severe gum overgrowth, exudate may be observed along the gum contours.

3. What Are the Treatment Methods for Gum Overgrowth?

   Patients with gum overgrowth should visit a dentist to determine the cause of the overgrowth. After identifying the cause and making a diagnosis, the dentist applies the appropriate treatment method.

   Generally, patients are taught proper brushing techniques and advised to brush regularly. In addition, dental floss is recommended for daily use. If gum overgrowth persists despite these measures, the excess gum tissue is surgically removed, completing the necessary treatment.