Inflammation and Infection of the Dental Pulp

The most common cause of pulp infection and inflammation is untreated tooth decay. Every person naturally has a certain amount of bacteria in their mouth, and under normal conditions these bacteria do not cause harm. However, some bacteria metabolize carbohydrates (sugars) found in foods and beverages and produce acids. These acids damage the enamel and dentin layers of the tooth.

When cavities caused in this way are left untreated, bacteria can progress through the dentin and reach the pulp tissue (the nerve tissue) beneath it, causing the pulp to become exposed and inflamed. The pulp may also become infected as a result of dental trauma. Following a severe impact to the tooth, the blood circulation reaching the tooth through the jawbone may be interrupted, causing the pulp tissue to gradually lose its vitality over time.

Another cause of pulp infection is the long-term presence of periodontal (gum and surrounding tissue) disease around the tooth. Through inflamed gum tissues, bacteria can reach the pulp via tiny lateral canals opening onto the root surface and lead to infection.

* Regardless of how the tooth becomes infected, if left untreated, the condition may eventually cause a painful abscess in the jawbone surrounding the tooth.

How Can an Infected Tooth Be Recognized?

Prolonged sensitivity to hot and cold foods or drinks, as well as pain while biting, may indicate the presence of an infection.

At the same time, a significant discoloration of the tooth without pain or swelling in the surrounding gum tissues may also be signs of a dental infection.

In some cases, even without any symptoms, findings obtained during dental and radiographic examinations may reveal that the tooth requires root canal treatment.